Constructing a research hypothesis can be very confusing for beginners. The word 'hypothesis' seems intimidating at first. Oftentimes, hypothesis is not even taught during research classes. Continue reading and you will find out that constructing a hypothesis is not that difficult.
Hypotheses are theoretical explanations of a phenomenon.
They are statements that translate a problem into precise, unambiguous
predictions of expected outcomes. These are statements of the researcher's
expectations regarding the relationship between and among the variables under
investigation. It is very essential in a research study because it is the
statement that will be empirically answered to determine the result of the
subject being studied. A hypothesis suggests the types of analysis that must be
done to measure the relationship.
Types of Hypothesis
Null Hypothesis vs. Alternative Hypothesis
A null
hypothesis is a negative statement which indicates the absence of a
relationship or difference between two variables. Meanwhile, an alternative
hypothesis (research hypothesis) is the positive statement that indicates the
presence of a significant relationship or difference between the independent
and dependent variables.
The null
hypothesis always assumes no significant relationship or a
significant difference. Moreover, the alternative hypothesis always assumes
that there is a significant relationship or a significant difference. In every
result, if you accept the null hypothesis, then you will have to reject the
alternative hypothesis and vice versa.
Directional vs. Non-directional Hypothesis
A directional
hypothesis states whether the relationship between two variables is
direct, inverse, positive, or negative. A positive or direct relationship is
present when the relationship present when the value of one variable increases
with the increase in the value of another. The relationship is negative when
the value of one variable increases as the value of another decrease.
Meanwhile, a non-directional
hypothesis does not specify the direction of the relationship
between variables. It merely states the presence or absence of a relationship
between two variables or that one variable influences another, or there is a significant difference in the mean values of the two variables.
Below are some examples of hypotheses. They are written
together with the research title, objectives, and statistical analysis to
identify how they relate to each other.
(1) Research Title: Relationship between Sports and Academic Performance
Among Students at St. Peter’s College
Research Objectives: To determine if there is a significant relationship
between sports and Academic Performance Among Students at
St. Peter’s College
Null Hypothesis: There is no significant relationship between sports and
academic performance among students at St. Peter’s College
Alternative Hypothesis: There is a significant relationship between sports and
academic performance
among students at St. Peter’s College
Statistical Analysis: Test of Relationship
(2) Research Title: Academic Performance as a Predictor of
Optometry Revalida Examination Performance at St. Paul’s
University
Research Objectives: To determine if academic performance is a significant
predictor of
Optometry Revalida Examination
Performance at St.
Paul’s University
Null Hypothesis: Academic performance is not a significant predictor of
Revalida Examination
Performance at St. Paul’s University
Alternative Hypothesis: Academic performance is a significant predictor of
Optometry
Revalida Examination Performance at St. Paul’s
University
Statistical Analysis: Regression Analysis
(3) Research Title: Comparison of Red (Pinoy) vs. Yellow (Grano) Onion (Allium cepa L) Ethanolic Onion Extract as Alternative In Vitro
Anticoagulant
Research Objectives: To determine if there is a significant difference
Red (Pinoy) vs.
Yellow (Grano) Onion
(Allium cepa
Ethanolic Onion Extract as
Alternative In Vitro
Null Hypothesis: There is no significant difference
between Red (Pinoy) vs.
Yellow (Grano) Onion
(Allium cepa L) Ethanolic Onion
Extract as
an alternative in vitro anticoagulant
Alternative Hypothesis: There is a significant difference
between Red (Pinoy) vs.
Yellow (Grano) Onion (Allium cepa
L) Ethanolic Onion
Extract as an
alternative in vitro anticoagulant
Statistical Analysis: Test of Difference
(4) Research Title: Level of Exposure of Biology Students to Social Media and
their Attitude and Emotional Stability
Research Objectives: To determine the level of exposure of Biology students to
social
media and their attitude and emotional Stability
Hypothesis (Directional
Hypothesis): The higher the level of exposure of
Biology
students
to social media the more favorable their attitude and
emotional stability.
Statistical Analysis: Mean
(5) Research Title: The Academic Performance of Nursing Students Who
Attend and Who Did Not Attend the Class Tutorial
Research Objectives: To determine the academic performance of nursing
students who attended
and who did not attend the class
Hypothesis (Non-directional
Hypothesis): Nursing students who attend tutorial
classes perform better than those who did
not attend.
Statistical Analysis: Binary Logistic Regression
References:
1. David, F. (2002). Understanding and Doing Research: A
Handbook for Beginners. Philippines. Panorama Printing Inc.
2. Tan, E. (2006). A Research Guide in Nursing Education.
Third Edition. Philippines. Visual Print Enterprise.
3. Non-Directional
Hypothesis. https://methods.sagepub.com/Reference/encyc-of-research-design/n270.xml Retrieved
date: August 31, 2019
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nice one..
ReplyDeletethank you.
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